Emerging Supplements Show Promise in Combating Osteosarcopenia
A recent review published in the journal Nutrients explored the role of novel nutritional supplements—such as creatine, prebiotics, probiotics, and HMB—in managing osteosarcopenia in older adults. Osteosarcopenia is a growing concern marked by the combined presence of osteoporosis (weakened bones) and sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), both of which significantly increase the risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality.
As the elderly population is projected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050, effective interventions for osteosarcopenia are urgently needed. Current management strategies typically include physical activity and adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein. However, recent research suggests that certain supplements may offer additional benefits.
Creatine, known for its role in energy production, has been shown to improve muscle mass, strength, and physical performance—especially when paired with resistance training. Although it may not directly increase bone mineral density, creatine appears to support bone health indirectly by improving muscle function and reducing fall risk.
HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate), a derivative of the amino acid leucine, may help preserve muscle mass and strength, though results are mixed and often modest. Meanwhile, prebiotics and probiotics, which influence gut microbiota, are being studied for their role in regulating the gut–muscle–bone axis. These supplements may reduce inflammation, improve nutrient absorption, and enhance immune responses that support musculoskeletal health.
While findings are promising, the review emphasizes the need for more clinical trials—especially on combined supplementation strategies, such as creatine plus HMB or probiotics. Additionally, agents affecting bile acid metabolism have emerged as a novel area of interest in understanding the interconnected roles of the gut, muscle, and bone.
Further research is needed to determine which supplements are most effective and for which populations.
