The Weight-Loss Drug Debate: What Happens After You Stop?
Weight-loss medications offer a short-term solution, but healthcare professionals emphasize that lasting weight management is best achieved through lifestyle modifications. With obesity and diabetes on the rise in India, weight-loss drugs are gaining attention. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), more than 11% of India’s population has diabetes, while around 25% are either overweight or obese.
Though adopting a healthier lifestyle remains the primary recommendation, pharmaceutical companies are introducing weight-loss drugs that promise affordability and effectiveness. A key example is Mounjaro, a drug launched by Eli Lilly, which has recently entered the Indian market. Other globally recognized medications making an impact in managing obesity and diabetes include Ozempic (an anti-diabetes drug by Novo Nordisk), Wegovy (Novo Nordisk’s obesity medication), and Zepbound (another weight-loss drug by Eli Lilly).
However, as these medications gain traction, experts warn about potential side effects, misuse, and the difficulties of maintaining weight loss once the medication is discontinued. Many people see significant weight reduction while taking these drugs but struggle to keep the weight off after stopping.
“These medications do not address the root causes of weight gain, such as poor dietary habits, emotional eating, or environments that encourage overeating. They work by suppressing appetite, but once discontinued, hunger levels return to their original state,” explained Dr. Vanita Rahman, Internal Medicine and Clinic Director at the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.
Dr. Rahman referred to a study published in JAMA, which found that nearly two-thirds of individuals who start GLP-1 agonists for weight loss stop using them within a year. These medications mimic a natural hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite, slowing digestion, increasing satiety, and improving insulin use—factors that lead to weight loss. However, after stopping the drugs, appetite returns to normal, which often results in weight gain.
A study conducted by the University of Glasgow and the University of Texas revealed that most people regain lost weight once they stop taking these medications.
“These drugs influence appetite regulation, satiety, and metabolic hormones. When discontinued, the body gradually returns to its pre-medication state,” said Dr. Sukhvinder Singh Saggu, Director of Minimal Access, GI & Bariatric Surgery at CK Birla Hospital, Delhi.
To maintain weight loss, it is essential to develop sustainable habits, including a balanced diet, consistent physical activity, and psychological support.
Are Weight-Loss Drugs Being Overprescribed?
As these medications grow in popularity, concerns have arisen about whether they are being prescribed too frequently without a full understanding of their long-term consequences.
Dr. Rahman emphasized the importance of educating patients about the risks and limitations associated with these drugs.
Dr. Saggu added,
“There is growing concern that some of these drugs are being overprescribed, especially given the lack of extensive long-term research. Since data on long-term effects is still limited, these medications should be prescribed with caution. Treatment should be individualized and based on evidence, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Doctors must carefully weigh the benefits and risks before recommending these drugs.”
Common Side Effects of Weight-Loss Drugs
Like any medication, weight-loss drugs come with potential side effects. Some of the most commonly reported issues include:
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Gastrointestinal discomfort – Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain
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Digestive issues – Constipation, bloating, and gas
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Neurological symptoms – Headaches, insomnia, and dry mouth
Certain medications may also cause oily stool, stomach pain, fecal urgency, incontinence, and even serious liver problems.
Dr. Rahman highlighted another concern:
“These drugs slow down digestion, which can result in nausea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort. Additionally, some studies suggest a seven-fold increased risk of a serious blinding eye condition.”
Reports surfaced in February 2024 about individuals experiencing eye disorders that obstruct blood flow, potentially leading to vision loss. In the US, nine cases were reported where semaglutide and tirzepatide were linked to permanent blindness.
What is the Best Long-Term Approach?
Although weight-loss medications can provide temporary solutions, long-term success depends on sustainable lifestyle modifications.
“Dietary improvements and lifestyle changes can lead to significant weight loss in a short period, and people are more likely to maintain their weight if they address the root cause—nutrition,” Dr. Rahman stated.
Dr. Saggu agreed, adding:
“To avoid regaining lost weight, individuals need to adopt sustainable habits. Even if they are using medication, they should focus on long-term solutions.”
Some of the most effective strategies for weight management include:
✅ Healthy eating habits – Prioritizing balanced, nutritious meals
✅ Regular physical activity – Engaging in consistent exercise routines
✅ Stress management – Controlling emotional triggers for overeating
✅ Quality sleep – Ensuring adequate rest for metabolic health
Unlike medications, which offer short-term effects, lifestyle modifications create long-lasting habits that prevent weight regain.
With drugs like Mounjaro now available in India, they provide a new tool for addressing obesity and diabetes. While some experts refer to them as “magical solutions,” their effects are not permanent.
True weight management requires a holistic approach that includes nutrition, exercise, and sustainable lifestyle changes.
